A note on informal and formal pronouns: each pronoun is used based on the level of politeness in a conversation.
Second person plural: तुम tum - You (Informal), आप aap - You (Formal).
Second person singular: तू too - You (Intimate).
The pronouns in Hindi are: X Research source Simple pronouns like “he, she, I, we, they” are key to communicating in any language, including Hindi.
On the other hand, nouns like केला kelaa - Banana (M) and मेज़ mez - Desk (F) or घर ghar - House (M) are all exceptions to the general rule of gender.īecome familiar with Hindi pronouns.
So in the case of these nouns, the general rule of gender applies.
For example: The noun for boy is: लड़का larkaa (M) and the noun for girl is: लड़की larkee (F).
However, there are many exceptions to this rule, so it's important to still learn the gender of every noun through memorization and practice.
A very general rule to determine the gender for a noun is words that end with the vowel आ aa are usually masculine and words that end with the vowel ई ee are usually feminine.
The gender of Hindi nouns is essential for proper grammar and communication, so when learning Hindi nouns, you must also learn their genders so you can use the nouns correctly. In Hindi, all nouns have a gender: masculine (M) or feminine (F). Nouns are words for objects, places, emotions, animals, and people.
Glottal consonants, pronounced by using the glottis at thee back of the throat X Research source : स hīecome familiar with Hindi nouns.
Sibilant consonants, pronounced by using the tip of the tongue to push air out in a hissing noise X Research source : श sh, ष sh, स s.
Semivowels are vowel-like consonants, such as the w in "wet": य y (as in "young"), य r, ल l, व w or v.
Labial consonants, pronounced by using the lips together (e.g., b in "baby"): प p, फ p (a), ब b, भ b (a), म m.
Dental consonants, pronounced by touching the tip of your tongue behind the back of your upper front teeth (e.g., th in "thin"): त t, थ t (a), थ d, ध d (a), न n.
Flap consonants, pronounced by "flapping" the tip of your tongue toward the roof of your mouth behind your upper front teeth (e.g., the t softening in words like "butter," which often sounds like "budder") : ड़ d and ढ़ d (a).
Retroflex consonants, pronounced by curling the tongue backward and touching the roof of your mouth just behind the gums (none exist in English): ञ t, ट t (a), ड d, ढ d (a), ण n.
Palatal consonants, pronounced by raising the front of the tongue just behind the gums X Research source (e.g., j in "job"): च ch, छ ch (a), ज j, झ j (a), ञ n.
Velar consonants, pronounced by using the back of the tongue at the roof of your mouth (e.g., k or g in English): क k, ख k (a), ग g, घ g (a), ङ n.
X Research source The (a) next to some consonants indicates that they are pronounced as aspirated (i.e., with a strong breath of air such as p in "pit" or "puff"). Because Hindi uses more consonants than English does, some of them have no direct equivalent in English. X Research source They are organized in the alphabet by how you use your mouth and throat to pronounce them.
This vowel isn't very common in Hindi and is only found in Hindi words of Sanskrit origin.
When ऋ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ृ beneath the consonant.
When औ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ौ to the right-hand side of the consonant (after the consonant).
When ओ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ो to the right-hand side of the consonant (after the consonant).
When ऐ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ै above the consonant.
When ए is added to a consonant, you add the symbol े above the consonant.
When ऊ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ू beneath the consonant.
When उ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ु beneath the consonant.
When ई is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ी to the right-hand side of the consonant (after the consonant).
When इ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ि to the left-hand side of the consonant (before the consonant).
When आ is added to a consonant, you add the symbol ा to the end of the consonant (for example, न na becomes ना naa when आ is added to it).
अ does not change the consonant, so if you see a consonant without a modifying symbol, it will have this vowel sound.
X Research source Vowels in Hindi have two forms: one form for when they are used by themselves, and one form for when the vowel is joined to a consonant in a word. Hindi has 11 vowels, some of which are indicated by the use of diacritic marks, or symbols added to the letters of an alphabet in order to show different pronunciations.